Imiterere yiterambere hamwe nubushinwa bwinganda zidafite ibyuma

Mu myaka yashize, uruganda rukora imiyoboro idafite ibyuma mu gihugu cyacu rwagize iterambere ryihuse mu mateka, kandi umusaruro n’isoko ry’imyaka 6 ikomeje, ibisubizo byo guhindura imiterere y’ibicuruzwa biratangaje, kandi umuvuduko wo kwihaza w’umuyoboro w’icyuma uriyongera umwaka ku wundi.Mu 2004, imiyoboro y'ibyuma yageze kuri toni miliyoni 21.23, bingana na 25% by’umusaruro w’ibyuma ku isi.Guhindura ikoranabuhanga nishoramari bigeze aharindimuka, kandi ibikoresho byikoranabuhanga byatejwe imbere cyane.Miliyoni ebyiri za toni zidafite inganda zikora inganda zavutse, zinjiye mumurongo wamatsinda manini akomeye ku isi.
Kimwe n’iterambere ry’inganda z’ibyuma by’Ubushinwa, nubwo inganda z’ibyuma zimaze kugera ku bintu bitangaje mu myaka yashize, zikaba zirenga 1/4 cy’umusaruro w’isi, haracyari icyuho runaka n’urwego mpuzamahanga rwateye imbere mu bijyanye n’ibikoresho bya tekiniki. , ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa nu ntera, igipimo cyubukungu bwumushinga nibipimo byingenzi bya tekiniki nubukungu.
Dusesenguye imigendekere yiterambere hamwe ninganda zinganda zijyanye ninganda zinganda zidafite ibyuma, hamwe nibyagezweho nibibazo byinganda zicyuma zidafite ibyuma byubushinwa, twabonye ko isoko ryimbere mu gihugu rifite inyungu n umwanya munini witerambere, hamwe n’isoko mpuzamahanga igenda iba nini kandi nini, kandi inzira nyamukuru yo kuzamura imigabane yisoko ni kurushanwa.Kugirango turusheho kunoza irushanwa, tugomba gukoresha umwanya mwiza wo kugabanya itandukaniro riri hagati yubwoko butandukanye, ubwiza nigiciro cyibicuruzwa ndetse n’urwego mpuzamahanga rwateye imbere vuba bishoboka, kugirango tugere ku rwego mpuzamahanga rw’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga n’ikoranabuhanga; , kandi utume igihugu cyacu gihinduka imbaraga zikomeye mukubyara ibyuma byisi.
1. Iterambere ry'umusaruro hamwe nuburyo bugaragara bwo gukoresha inganda zidafite ibyuma mu Bushinwa
Mu 2004, umusaruro w’umuyoboro w’icyuma udafite uburinganire n’icyuma gisudira niwo wa mbere ku isi, kandi umuyoboro w’ibyuma udafite ubudodo wahindutse ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga mu 2003. Kuva mu 2000, inganda z’ibyuma by’Ubushinwa zateye imbere byihuse mu myaka itanu ikurikiranye. .Ubwiyongere bw'umusaruro w'ibyuma hafi ya byose bifitanye isano no kuzamuka kw'ibicuruzwa byarangiye mu gihugu, ni ukuvuga ko impuzandengo ya buri mwaka izamuka ry'ibicuruzwa byarangiye ari 21.64%, naho imiyoboro y'ibyuma ikaba 20.8%, naho igipimo cy'ibikoresho / ibikoresho ikomezwa kuri 7%.
Kuva mu 1981 kugeza 2004, icyerekezo rusange cy'umusaruro no kugaragara ko gukoresha umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite kashe byiyongereye kandi bihuje.Mbere ya 1999, ibyo kurya byari hejuru yumusaruro hamwe nihindagurika runaka (hafi 800.000 t).Mbere ya 2002, ikigaragara cyagaragaye cyari kinini ugereranije n’umusaruro w’imbere mu gihugu, kandi mu 2003, wasangaga byari byiza.Mu 2004, umusaruro wari mwinshi ugereranije no gukoresha bigaragara, kandi biteganijwe ko umusaruro uzatangira kurenga cyane ibyo ugaragara muri 2005.
2. Ubushobozi bwubaka inganda zubushinwa butagira ibyuma
Mu minsi mike ishize, igihugu cyacu gifite inganda zidafite imiyoboro 130 cyangwa irenga, hafi 200 yibice.Muri byo, hari ibigo bigera kuri 30 bishobora gukora imiyoboro yuzuye ishyushye ifite ibikoresho byikoranabuhanga byuzuye, hamwe n’umusaruro wose urenga miliyoni 6 t, bingana na 60% by’amafaranga yose y’imiyoboro idafite ibyuma.Ubu bwoko bwinganda ninshi mubigo bya leta, ikoranabuhanga nibikoresho bigezweho, ubushobozi bwo gukora umurongo umwe (Tianguan 250, uruganda rwa Baoshan Steel 140 kuri toni zirenga ibihumbi 800), ubwiza bwibicuruzwa nibyiza, ibyuma bidafite kashe. kubyara imiyoboro nicyo kigo kiyobora.Ibindi bigo ni ibigo bito n'ibiciriritse bitanga imiyoboro cyangwa imyanda ya bilet yo gukonjesha.Ibikoresho by'ibi bigo biroroshye.Inzira rusange nugukoresha perforasi + umutwe cyangwa gutobora + umuyoboro uzunguruka + umutwe nyuma yo guha ibikoresho bikonje bikonje